[87] There is a high degree of mutual intelligibility between Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian, and a moderate degree of it in all modern Slavic languages, at least at the conversational level.[88][89]. Great ranges of temperature are typical. Russian is the primary language of the overwhelming majority of people in Russia and is also used as a second language in During the post-World War II era, Russia was a central player in international affairs, locked in a Cold War struggle with the United States.In 1991, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia joined with [636] However, Russian teams are currently suspended from FIFA and UEFA competitions. [196] Due to the impact, the Russian government has stopped publishing a raft of economic data since April 2022. [208], Russia's vast landmass stretches over the easternmost part of Europe and the northernmost part of Asia. These vowels have several allophones, which are displayed on the diagram to the right. [26] Fossils of Denny, an archaic human hybrid that was half Neanderthal and half Denisovan, and lived some 90,000 years ago, was also found within the latter cave. ", "Russia's Natural Resources Make Up 60% of GDP", "Russian finances strong but economic problems persist", "Economic Sanctions on Russia and Their Effects", "Over 300 Companies Have Withdrawn from Russia But Some Remain", "Russia Is Now the World's Most-Sanctioned Nation", "Western sanctions are wounding but not yet crushing Russia's economy", "I rode the legendary Trans-Siberian Railway on a 2,000-mile journey across 4 time zones in Russia. Russian and Church Slavonic with some Old Russian vocabulary. [272] Russia wields influence across the geopolitically important South Caucasus and Central Asia; and the two regions have been described as Russia's "backyard". [539] The second half of the 19th-century was dominated by the Neo-Byzantine and Russian Revival style. [42] It is also regarded by the United States Intelligence Community as a "hard target" language, due to both its difficulty to master for English speakers and its critical role in U.S. world policy. [413] In 1966, Luna9 became the first spacecraft to achieve a survivable landing on a celestial body, the Moon. Comparisons of blood-based biomarkers with Norway implicate non-ischaemic cardiac damage", "Russia's alcohol policy: a continuing success story", "Time trends in smoking in Russia in the light of recent tobacco control measures: synthesis of evidence from multiple sources", "Suicide mortality rate (per 100,000 population) Russian Federation", "Preventing suicide: Russian Federation adapts WHO self-harm monitoring tool", "The 'Forward Russia' Flag: Examining the Changing Use of the Bear as a Symbol of Russia", "Russian New Year: At The Heart Of A Wide Tapestry Of Winter Traditions", "Russians splurge on flowers for International Women's Day", "Russia kicks off lavish Victory Day parade following coronavirus delay", "Russia's Immortal Regiment: From Grassroots To 'Quasi-Religious Cult', "It's Russian Mardi Gras: Time For Pancakes, Butter And Fistfights", "Russia marks Cosmonautics Day in pictures", Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, "The Canopy over the Holy Sepulchre. [63], Led by Prince Dmitry Donskoy of Moscow, the united army of Russian principalities inflicted a milestone defeat on the Mongol-Tatars in the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380. [17] However, the proper name[which?] Russia was the world's fifth-leading destination for international students in 2019, hosting roughly 300 thousand. [92] These reforms spurred industrialisation, and modernised the Imperial Russian Army, which liberated much of the Balkans from Ottoman rule in the aftermath of the 18771878 Russo-Turkish War. [414] In 1968, Zond 5 brought the first Earthlings (two tortoises and other life forms) to circumnavigate the Moon. [96] Under last Russian emperor, NicholasII (18941917), the Revolution of 1905 was triggered by the failure of the humiliating Russo-Japanese War. Russia has also sought to increase its influence in the Middle East, most significantly through military intervention in the Syrian civil war. Fighting continues after a 36-hour Russian-proposed ceasefire which Ukraine dismissed as a cynical ploy ended overnight Saturday. [254] The federal districts of Russia were established by Putin in 2000 to facilitate central government control of the federal subjects. ", "PACE calls for an ad hoc international criminal tribunal to hold to account perpetrators of the crime of aggression against Ukraine", "Pluto: ten things we now know about the dwarf planet", The Arctic Institute Center for Circumpolar Security Studies, "Island hopping in Russia: Sakhalin, Kuril Islands and Kamchatka Peninsula", "Lake BaikalA Touchstone for Global Change and Rift Studies", "Russia's Largest Rivers From the Amur to the Volga", "Present and future Kppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution", "Putin urges authorities to take action as wildfires engulf Siberia", "Why Russia's thawing permafrost is a global problem", "Will Russia's Forests Be an Asset or an Obstacle in Climate Fight? "Was it you who ate the cookie?") [citation needed], During the Soviet period, the policy toward the languages of the various other ethnic groups fluctuated in practice. [600] Beef Stroganoff,[601]:266 Chicken Kiev,[601]:320 pelmeni,[602] and shashlyk are popular meat dishes. BBC. KOI8-R was designed by the Soviet government and was intended to serve as the standard encoding. [604] Salads include Olivier salad,[605] vinegret,[606] and dressed herring. [76] There is an Israeli TV channel mainly broadcasting in Russian with Israel Plus. The large service sector accounts for 62% of total GDP, followed by the industrial sector (32%), while the agricultural sector is the smallest, making up only 5% of total GDP. [102] The Russian Civil War broke out between the anti-communist White movement and the new Soviet regime with its Red Army. South Africa is allowing Chinese and Russian warships to conduct naval exercises off its coast next month, raising concerns that the move could alienate trading partners. [citation needed], In addition to the modern Russian alphabet, Unicode (and thus UTF-8) encodes the Early Cyrillic alphabet (which is very similar to the Greek alphabet), and all other Slavic and non-Slavic but Cyrillic-based alphabets. : . [648][649] However, Russia has also had 43 Olympic medals stripped from its athletes due to doping violations, which is the most of any country, and nearly a third of the global total.[650]. [citation needed]. [47][108] Currently, the number of speakers of Russian in the world depends on the number of Russians in the world and total population in Russia. A Russian missile strike on an apartment building in Dnipro in central Ukraine has left at least 40 people dead, making it one of the deadliest single attacks of the war. ", Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies, Journal of the American Academy of Religion, "Leninism: What It Was and What It Was Not", "7 kinds of Russian bread you'll want to bite the crust off of", "When it comes to bread, Russians don't loaf", "Spotlight on Smetana: Russia's Sour Cream", "Understanding Russia's obsession with mayonnaise", "From sizzling shashlik to spicy seekh kebabs: barbecue recipes from around the world", "Russian Vinegret salad: Super-easy and super-traditional", "Map: Where the world's biggest vodka drinkers are", Obzor rossiyskogo rynka alkogol'noy produktsii. [5] Orthodox Christianity, together with Islam, Buddhism, and Paganism (either preserved or revived), are recognised by Russian law as the traditional religions of the country, part of its "historical heritage". The Federal Assembly | The Constitution of the Russian Federation", "Chapter 7. WebRussia ( Russian: , Rossiya, [rsij] ), or the Russian Federation, [c] is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. However, Russian was the sixth-most used language on the top 1,000 sites, behind English, Chinese, French, German, and Japanese. [497][498] The Russians have also greatly influenced classical music,[499] ballet,[500] sport,[501] painting,[502] and cinema. [172], In late 1993, tensions between Yeltsin and the Russian parliament culminated in a constitutional crisis which ended violently through military force. [412], In 1957, Laika, a Soviet space dog, became the first animal to orbit the Earth, aboard Sputnik 2. [28], The first trace of an early modern human in Russia dates back to 45,000 years, in Western Siberia. Blocks of specialized vocabulary were adopted from the languages of Western Europe. [70] In 1612, the Poles were forced to retreat by the Russian volunteer corps, led by merchant Kuzma Minin and prince Dmitry Pozharsky. Political circumstances and Soviet accomplishments in military, scientific, and technological matters (especially cosmonautics), gave Russian a worldwide prestige, especially during the mid-20th century. [97] The uprising was put down, but the government was forced to concede major reforms (Russian Constitution of 1906), including granting freedoms of speech and assembly, the legalisation of political parties, and the creation of an elected legislative body, the State Duma. Russian, the most spoken Slavic language, is the shared mother tongue of the Russians; and Orthodox Christianity is their historical religion since the 11th century. Its leading figure was Maxim Gorky, who laid the foundations of this style. Russian grammar encompasses: The spoken language has been influenced by the literary one but continues to preserve characteristic forms. According to the Eurobarometer 2005 survey,[66] fluency in Russian remains fairly high (2040%) in some countries, in particular those where the people speak a Slavic language and thereby have an edge in learning Russian[further explanation needed] (namely, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Bulgaria). Palatalization means that the center of the tongue is raised during and after the articulation of the consonant. [7], Russia is among the five recognised nuclear-weapons states, with the world's largest stockpile of nuclear weapons; over half of the world's nuclear weapons are owned by Russia. .: , 1990. [580] Mikhail Bulgakov was one of the leading writers of the Soviet era. Some of these are relics of ancient usage now completely discarded by the standard language. [190], In 2014, following a revolution in Ukraine, Russia invaded and annexed the neighboring country's Crimean peninsula,[191] and contributed to the outbreak of war in eastern Ukraine with direct intervention by Russian troops. [495], Russian culture has been formed by the nation's history, its geographical location and its vast expanse, religious and social traditions, and Western influence. [47][105][106][107] In the countries of the former Soviet Union the Russian language was being replaced or used in conjunction with local languages. Here's how to fix it", "Russian domination at the Australian Open", "Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics Athletes, Medals & Results", "Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics Athletes, Medals & Results", "Will Russia Be Thrown Out of the Olympics on Monday? [493] The country's high suicide rate, although on the decline,[494] remains a significant social issue. [387], Mikhail Lomonosov proposed the conservation of mass in chemical reactions, discovered the atmosphere of Venus, and founded modern geology. 1. Jan 17 (Reuters) - President Vladimir Putin said on Tuesday that the Russian economy was likely to have shrunk by 2.5% in 2022, but that it was performing better than most experts had predicted. During and after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, wide-ranging reforms including privatisation and market and trade liberalisation were undertaken, including radical changes along the lines of "shock therapy". [74] In the east, the rapid Russian exploration and colonisation of vast Siberia continued, hunting for valuable furs and ivory. [143], After World War II, parts of Eastern and Central Europe, including East Germany and eastern parts of Austria were occupied by Red Army according to the Potsdam Conference. Russian explorers pushed eastward primarily along the Siberian River Routes, and by the mid-17th century, there were Russian settlements in eastern Siberia, on the Chukchi Peninsula, along the Amur River, and on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. Though each of the constituent republics had its own official language, the unifying role and superior status was reserved for Russian, although it was declared the official language only in 1990. Russian has six cases: Nominative (for the grammatical subject), Accusative (for direct objects), Dative (for indirect objects), Genitive (to indicate possession or relation), Instrumental (to indicate 'with' or 'by means of'), and Prepositional (used after the locative prepositions "in", "on", "about", "in the presence of"). [19], A Medieval Latin version of the name Rus' was Ruthenia, which was used as one of several designations for East Slavic and Eastern Orthodox regions, and commonly as a designation for the lands of Rus'. [80], In the second half of the 20th century, Russian was the most popular foreign language in Cuba. [405] George Gamow was one of the foremost advocates of the Big Bang theory. ", "The Constitution of the Russian Federation", "Chapter 5. [83][84] All dialects are also divided into two main chronological categories: the dialects of primary formation (the territory of the Grand Duchy of Moscow roughly consists of the modern Central and Northwestern Federal districts) and secondary formation (other territories where Russian was brought by migrants from primary formation territories or adopted by the local population). State-run Channel One and Russia-1 are the leading news channels, while RT is the flagship of Russia's international media operations. [476], Russia's pre-school education system is highly developed and optional,[477] some four-fifths of children aged 3 to 6 attend day nurseries or kindergartens. Before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the overwhelming majority of Russophones in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn in New York City were Russian-speaking Jews. Once an underdeveloped, peasant society, Russia underwent an intense centrally Russia (Russian: , Rossiya, [rsij]), or the Russian Federation,[c] is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. [7] As of 2021[update], the military have around a million active-duty personnel, which is the world's fifth-largest, and about 220 million reserve personnel. All this formed the climate for the Russian Revolution of 1917, carried out in two major acts. In particular, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch say that Russia is not democratic and allows few political rights and civil liberties to its citizens. Serve as the standard encoding: the spoken language has been influenced by the Neo-Byzantine and Russian Revival style style... 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